Antibiofilm Activity of Eucalyptus CamaldulensisforCombating Bacterial Infections

Abstract

Background: Traditional treatment of infectious diseases is based on compounds that kill or inhibit bacterial growth. Eucalyptus  (river red gum) is considered an important medicinal plant worldwide. It is used for medicinal purposes, especially as a  cough remedy, and has a  significant role against most of the microbial pathogens that impose serious diseases. The main aim and objective of this study were to identify the antibiofilm activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis against biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens affecting humans. Methodology; Samples were collected from Haripur. All samples (leaves of plants) were collected from different regions of Haripur. Agar well diffusion method was used for the initial antibacterial activity of plant from leaf extract sample (100g/ml). Muller Hinton agar was used for antibacterial activity of bacterial pathogens by using the temperature of 37ºC for 1 to 2 days of incubation. Then antibiofilm activity was tested on 96 well plates. Cultured samples were stained using crystal violet stain. For confirmation of strains, Congo red method was performed. Blackish and red colonies with dry crystalline consistency indicated biofilm producers. Results: Plant extracts were rich in over 250 detected chemicals via GC-MS analyzer. The antimicrobial activity of some of the compounds was known e.g. eucalyptol(37%) and 10S,11S-HIMACHALA-3(12),4-DIEN(56%) which may be used against the antibiofilm activity of bacteria, while other compounds needs further research for which no record were found in literature review for antibacterial activity. Acetonic leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis may be used in suitable formulation against bacterial diseases. Conclusion: These findings underscore the promising applications of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extracts in both antimicrobial and antibiofilm interventions. And can be effected against different diseases such as cough remedy, and disease caused by Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. Further exploration of their specific mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications of different metabolites and chemical compounds are warranted to harness the benefits offered by these natural extracts.                                           

Keywords: Biofilm forming microorganism, Extracts, Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity