The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Human Disease

Abstract

Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defenses,
is a key factor in the pathophysiology of many human diseases. This review investigates the molecular mechanisms underpinning
oxidative stress, focusing on its sources and the physiological harm it causes. The role of oxidative stress in the genesis and
progression of neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders is extensively examined,
with a focus on its impact on cellular function and overall health. Furthermore, the article investigates the body's natural antioxidant
systems, dietary antioxidants, and new antioxidant therapies aimed at reducing oxidative damage. While antioxidants' medicinal
potential is intriguing, issues such as appropriate dose,bioavailability, and potential side effects persist. Future research should concentrate on determining targeted antioxidant strategies based on specific disease pathways. This review highlights the dual
character of oxidative stress as both a physiological need and a pathological driver, with the goal of inspiring future research in
this dynamic subject.
Keywords: Stress, Antioxidants, Disease.